Texts on This Website


  2. Map: Europe 6500-1000 BCE.

  3. Musto, Ronald G. Liberation Theologies: A Research Guide. PeaceDocs website. Chapter 9, Creation Theology; Chapter 10, Women’s Theology, The Goddess.


Texts on Other Websites


  1. Lerner, Gerda. The Creation of Patriarchy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Chapter 7 discusses the Goddess.

  2. Miller, Eric. Bibliography on Goddess Religion.

  3. Tacitus. Description of the cult of Ertha, the Germanic Earth goddess.

  4. Thoreau, Henry David. Walden. Thoreau Reader. Richard Lenat, ed. (Accessed 8/6/06.)

  5. —. Walden. Jessica Gordon and Ann Woodlief, eds. Virginia Commonwealth University, American Transcendentalism Web. 1999. (Accessed 8/6/06.)

  6. —. Walden. American Studies Hypertexts. University of Virginia. (Accessed 8/6/06.)

  7. —. Walden. Peter Batke, ed. Princeton University. (Accessed 8/6/06.)


Bibliography: The Goddess


  1. Anthony, David W. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.


  3. —. “Nazi and Ecofeminist Prehistories: Ideology and Empiricism in Indo-European Archaeology.” In Philip L. Kohl and Clare P. Fawcett. Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, 82–96.


  5. —. “The Rise and Fall of Old Europe.” In David W. Anthony and Jennifer Chi. The Lost World of Old Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009, 29–57.


  7. Bailey, Douglass W. “The Figurines of Old Europe.” In David W. Anthony and Jennifer Chi. The Lost World of Old Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009, 113–27.


  9. —. Prehistoric Figurines: Representation and Corporeality in the Neolithic. London: Routledge, 2005.


  11. Baring, Anne, and Jules Cashford. The Myth of the Goddess: Evolution of an Image. London: Viking Arkana, 1991.


  13. Billington, Sandra, and Miranda J. Green. The Concept of the Goddess. London: Routledge, 1998.


  15. Butler, Alan. The Goddess, the Grail, and the Lodge: Tracing the Origins of Religion. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2006.


  17. Christ, Carol P. Rebirth of the Goddess: Finding Meaning in Feminist Spirituality. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1997.


  19. Cleary, Thomas F., and Sartaz Aziz. Twilight Goddess: Spiritual Feminism and Feminine Spirituality. Boston: Shambhala, 2000.


  21. Dames, Michael. The Silbury Treasure: The Great Goddess Rediscovered. London: Thames and Hudson, 1976.


  23. Eller, Cynthia. Living in the Lap of the Goddess: The Feminist Spirituality Movement in America. New York: Crossroad, 1993.


  25. Everson, Michael.  “Tenacity in religion, myth, and folklore: The Neolithic Goddess of Old Europe  Preserved in a Non-Indo-European Setting.”  From the Second Conference on the Transformation of European and Anatolian Culture 4500-2500 B.C.  1998.


  27. Getty, Adele. Goddess: Mother of Living Nature. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1990.


  29. Gimbutas, Marija. Bronze Age Cultures in Central and Eastern Europe. The Hague: Mouton, 1965.


  31. —. The Civilization of the Goddess. San Francisco, CA: Harper San Francisco, 1991.


  33. —. The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe, 6500-3500 BC: Myths and Cult Images. Berkeley: University of California, 1982.


  35. —. The Gods and Goddesses of Old Europe: 7000 to 3500 BC: Myths, Legends and Cult Images. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.


  37. —., Miriam Robbins Dexter, and Karlene Jones-Bley. The Kurgan Culture and the Indo-Europeanization of Europe: Selected Articles from 1952 to 1993. Journal of Indo-European studies, no. 18. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of Man, 1997.


  39. —. The Language of the Goddess: Unearthing the Hidden Symbols of Western Civilization. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989, London: Thames & Hudson, 2001.


  41. —., and Miriam Robbins Dexter. The Living Goddesses. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.


  43. Golan, Ariel. Prehistoric Religion: Mythology, Symbolism. Jerusalem: Ariel Golan, 2003.


  45. Hand, Judith. Women, Power, and the Biology of Peace. San Diego: Questpath, 2003.


  47. Harvey, Andrew, and Anne Baring. The Divine Feminine: Exploring the Feminine Face of God Throughout the World. Berkeley: Conari Press, 1996.


  49. Jones, Prudence, and Nigel Pennick. A History of Pagan Europe. London: Routledge, 2006.


  51. Leeming, David Adams, and Jake Page. Goddess Myths of the Female Divine. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.


  53. Lewis, James R. Magical Religion and Modern Witchcraft. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.


  55. Mantin, Ruth. Thealogies in Process: The Role of Goddess-Talk in Contemporary Feminist Spirituality. Wetherby, Yorkshire: The British Library Thesis Service, 2007.


  57. Mutén, Burleigh. Return of the Great Goddess. Boston: Shambhala, 1994.


  59. Noble, Vicki. Motherpeace: A Way to the Goddess Through Myth, Art, and Tarot. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1983.


  61. Roundtree, Kathryn. Embracing the Witch and the Goddess: Feminist Ritual-Makers in New Zealand. London: Routledge, 2003.


  63. Ruether, Rosemary Radford. Goddesses and the Divine Feminine: A Western Religious History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.


  65. Shahrukh Husain. The Goddess. Living Wisdom. Boston: Little, Brown, 1997.


  67. Starhawk. The Spiral Dance: A Rebirth of the Ancient Religion of the Great Goddess. San Francisco: Harper, 1999.


  69. Steiner, Rudolf, and Christian von Arnim. The Goddess: From Natura to the Divine Sophia. Selections from the Work of Rudolf Steiner. Pocket library of spiritual wisdom. Forest Row: Sophia Books, 2001.


  71. Tringham, Ruth.  “Households with Faces.” In Engendering Archaeology:  Women and Prehistory (Gero and Conkey, editors).  Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1991.


  73. Turcan, Robert. The Cults of the Roman Empire. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1996.


  75. Waldherr, Kris. Goddesses: Divine Women from Around the World. Pymble, N.S.W.: HarperCollins, 1996.


  77. Wood, Juliette.  “The Concept of the Goddess.” In The Concept of the Goddess (Billington and Green, editors). London: Routledge, 1996.


Bibliography: Western Antiquity


  1. Angelova, Diliana. “Gender and Imperial Authority in Rome and Early Byzantium, First to Sixth Centuries.” Thesis (Ph.D., Dept. of History of Art and Architecture). Harvard University, 2005.


  3. Bell, Roslynne S. “Power and Piety: Augustan Imagery and the Cult of the Magna Mater. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.” Thesis (Ph.D.). University of Canterbury, 2007.


  5. Bianchi, Ugo. The Greek Mysteries. Iconography of religions, fasc. 3. Leiden: Brill, 1976.


  7. Blundell, Sue, and Margaret Williamson. The Sacred and the Feminine in Ancient Greece. London: Routledge, 1998.


  9. Boardman, John. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae: (LIMC). Zürich: Artemis Verlag, 1981.


  10. Christ, Carol P. Odyssey with the Goddess: A Spiritual Quest in Crete. New York: Continuum, 1995.


  12. Connelly, Joan Breton. Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.


  14. Cosmopoulos, Michael B. Greek Mysteries: The Archaeology of Ancient Greek Secret Cults. London: Routledge, 2003


  16. Dartmouth Bibliography on Minoan Religion and the Goddess.
    (Accessed 12/10/09.)


  18. Kaltsas, Nikolaos, and Alan H. Shapiro. Worshipping Women: Ritual and Reality in Classical Athens. New York: Onassis Foundation, 2008.


  20. Lefkowitz, Mary R. Women in Greek Myth. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.


  22. Mylonas, George E. Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.


  24. Näsström, Britt-Mari. O Mother of the Gods and Men: Some Aspects of the Religious Thoughts in Emperor Julian’s Discourse on the Mother of the Gods. Lund studies in African and Asian religions, v. 6. Lund: Plus Ultra, 1990.


  26. Parca, Maryline G., and Angeliki Tzanetou. Finding Persephone: Women's Rituals in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in ancient folklore and popular culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.


  28. Perez, Alfred V. “The Earth Mother Goddess Tradition and Its Impact on the Early Developing Judaism to the Early Centuries of the Common Era.” Thesis (M.A.). California State University, Long Beach, 2004.


  30. Price, S.R.F. Religions of the Ancient Greeks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.


  32. Quaegebeur, J., Willy Clarysse, Beatrijs Von Maele, and Willy Clarysse. Athena, Neith and Thoeris in Greek Documents. Bonn: Rudolf Habelt, 1985.


  34. Robertson, N. “Orphic Mysteries and Dionysiac Ritual.” In Michael B. Cosmopoulos, Greek Mysteries: The Archaeology of Ancient Greek Secret Cults. London: Routledge, 2003, 218–40.


  36. Rosenzweig, Rachel. Worshipping Aphrodite: Art and Cult in Classical Athens. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004.


  38. Sfameni Gasparro, Giulia. Soteriology and Mystic Aspects in the Cult of Cybele and Attis. Etudes préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l’Empire romain, t. 103. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1985.


  40. Streete, Gail Corrington. The Milk of Salvation: Redemption by the Mother in Late Antiquity and Early Christianity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1989.


  42. Vermaseren, M.J., and Eugene Lane. Cybele, Attis, and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M. J. Vermaseren. Religions in the Graeco-Roman world, v. 131. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996.


  44. Zeitlin, F. “Cultic Models of the Female: Rites of Dionysos and Demeter.” Arethusa 15 (1982): 129–57.



Bibliography: World Traditions


  1. Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, CA. The Powers of the Feminine: Sacred Images of India and Southeast Asia. Teacher’s Packet. Asian Art Museum of San Francisco: 1990.

  2. Nagar, Shanti Lal.  The Universal Mother. Delhi: ATMA RAM, 1988.

  3. Mosher, Sundew Amber. Painting a Vision of Global Ecological Ethics Through the Synthesis of Goddess Spirituality and Buddhist Philosophy. San Rafael, CA: Dominican University of California, 2006.

  4. Obeyesekere, Gananath. The Cult of the Goddess Pattini. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984

  5. Oldham, Kristin. Bearing the Heat: Mother Goddess Worship in South India. Madison, WI: Center for South Asia, University of Wisconsin, 1994.

  6. Segal, Robert. “Shaktima, Radiance of a Hindu Goddess: An Anthropological Study of Goddess Worship in Western India.” Thesis (M.A.). Temple University, 2005.

  7. Subramaniam, Venkateswarier. Mother Goddess and Other Goddesses. Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1993.



Bibliography: Ecological Spirituality


  1. Alberta Global Education Project, and Alberta Teachers’ Association. Global Issues and Religious Education. Alberta, Canada: s.n, 1990.

  2. Berry, R. J. Justice, Peace and the Integrity of Creation: A Report of the European Ecumenical Assembly, Basel, May 1989. General Synod papers, 315. London: General Synod, Church of England, 1989.

  3. Berry, Wendell. The Art of the Common-Place: The Agrarian Essays of Wendell Berry. Norman Wirzba, ed. Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 2002.

  4. —. “The Burden of the Gospels: An Unconfident Faith.” The Christian Century 122.19 (2005): 22.

  5. —. The City and the Farm Crisis. Annual E.F. Schumacher lectures, 6th. Great Barrington, MA: E.F. Schumacher Society, 1986.

  6. —. Collected Poems, 1957-1982. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1985.

  7. —. Conversations with Wendell Berry. Literary conversations series. Morris Allen Grubbs, ed. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2007.

  8. —. The Unsettling of America: Culture & Agriculture. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1977.

  9. —. Wendell Berry. Paul Merchant, ed. Lewiston, ID: Confluence Press, 1991.

  10. —. What Are People for? Essays. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1990.

  11. Breines, Ingeborg, Dorota Gierycz, and Betty Reardon. Towards a Women's Agenda for a Culture of Peace. Paris: UNESCO, 1999.

  12. Brower, David Ross. It’s Healing Time on Earth. Annual E.F. Schumacher lectures, 12th. Great Barrington, MA: E.F. Schumacher Society, 1993.


  14. Caldecott, Léonie, and Stephanie Leland. Reclaim the Earth: Women Speak Out for Life on Earth. London: Women’s Press, 1983.

  15. Capuchins. Justice, Peace and Ecology: Symposium at the Capuchin General Curia, Rome, 23-26 September, 1991. Rome: Curia generale dei frati minori cappuccini, 1991.

  16. Clark, Stephen R. L. How to Think About the Earth. London: Mowbray, 1994.

  17. Clarke, Jane-Ann Elizabeth. “A Tapestry of Shalom Stories: the Exploration and Integration of Ecotheology Within a Local Church.” A Final Document Submitted to the Doctoral Studies Committee in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Ministry. Dayton, OH: United Theological Seminary, 1998.

  18. Conference on the Fate of the Earth. Peace on and with the Earth for All Its Children. San Francisco, CA: Earth Island Institute, 1985.

  19. Ferrante, Maria A. “Exploring Oral Tradition, Environmental Awareness, and Peace and Justice.” Catholic Library World 63.3-4 (1992): 163-65.

  20. Francis, John. “Pilgrimage and Change: War, Peace and Environment.” Thesis (M.S.). University of Montana, 1986.

  21. Harik, Ramsay M. Thinking About Our Future: War, Society, and the Environment. A Series of Lesson Plans. 1993.

  22. Hicks, David W. Studying Peace: The Educational Rationale. Occasional Paper No. 4. Revised Edition. Information Officer, Centre for Peace Studies, St. Martin's College, Lancaster LA1 3JD, England, 1986.

  23. International Franciscan (OFM) Congress. Francisco O’Connaire, ed. Instruments of Peace: Led by the Spirit. Rome: General Curia OFM, 2001.

  24. Johnsen, Rita, Georgene Stuppy, and Doreen Von Uden. Realizing a Dream: Franciscans and Global Education in the Schools. Franciscan Global Perspectives, vol.3, no. 4. Pittsburgh: Franciscan Federation of Brothers and Sisters of the U.S., 1990.

  25. Limouris, Gennadios. Justice, Peace, and the Integrity of Creation: Insights from Orthodoxy. Geneva: WCC Publications, 1990.

  26. Michaelis, Laurie. Exploring Friends’ Witness to Sustainable Living. Phase One Report. S.l: the Project, 2003.

  27. Moltmann, Jürgen. Creating a Just Future: The Politics of Peace and the Ethics of Creation in a Threatened World. London: SCM Press, 1989.

  28. Newcombe, Hanna, and Hanna Newcombe. “Further Reflections on Peace.” Peace Research Reviews 13.6. Dundas, ONT: Peace Research Institute-Dundas, 1995.

  29. Niles, D. Preman. Between the Flood and the Rainbow: Interpreting the Conciliar Process of Mutual Commitment (Covenant) to Justice, Peace, and the Integrity of Creation. Geneva: WCC Publications, 1992.

  30. Reardon, Betty, Eva Nordland, and Robert William Zuber. Learning Peace: The Promise of Ecological and Cooperative Education. SUNY Series on Global Conflict and Peace Education. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.

  31. Schumacher, E. F. An Economics of Permanence: Buddhist Economics. Palo Alto: Institute for the Study of Nonviolence, 1975.

  32. —. The Future Is Manageable: Schumacher’s Observations on Non-Violent Economics and Technology with a Human Face. M.M. Hoda, ed. New Delhi: Impex India, 1978.

  33. —. Good Work. New York: Harper & Row, 1979.

  34. —. A Guide for the Perplexed. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.

  35. —. People, Land, and Community: Collected E.F. Schumacher Society Lectures. Hildegarde Hannum, ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.

  36. —.The Schumacher Lectures. Volume II. Satish Kumar, ed. London: Anthony Blond, 1984.

  37. —. Small Is Beautiful: Economics As If People Mattered. New York: Harper & Row, 1973.

  38. —. Small Is Still Beautiful: Economics As If Families Mattered. Joseph Pearce, ed. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2006.

  39. —. This I Believe And Other Essays. Foxhole, Dartington, Totnes, Devon: Green Books, 1997.

  40. —., and Wendell Berry. An Economics of Peace: Essays. Susan Witt, ed. Great Barrington, MA: E.F. Schumacher Society, 2001.

  41. Sheridan, Diana Brown. “Ecofeminist Strategies of Peacemaking.” Thesis (Ph.D.). University of Oregon, 1990.


  43. Shuman, Joel James, and L. Roger Owens. Wendell Berry and Religion: Heaven’s Earthly Life. Lexington, Ky: University Press of Kentucky, 2009.


  45. Taylor, Bron Raymond. Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

  46. Vorspan, Albert, and David Saperstein. Jewish Dimensions of Social Justice: Tough Moral Choices of Our Time. New York: UAHC Press, 1998.

  47. Weir, Robert M., and George Gallup. Peace, Justice, Care of Earth: The Vision of John McConnell, Founder of Earth Day. Kalamazoo, MI: Press On Publishing, 2007.

  48. Wenden, Anita. Educating for a Culture of Social and Ecological Peace. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004.

  49. Whiteley, John M. “The Social Ecology of Peace: Implications for the Helping Professions and Education.” Journal of Counseling & Development 63.2 (1984): 77-85.

  50. World Alliance of Reformed Churches (Presbyterian and Congregational). Justice, Peace and the Integrity of Creation: Discussion Paper and Other Reading Materials. Geneva: World Alliance of Reformed Churches, 1988.

  51. World Convocation on Justice, Peace, and the Integrity of Creation. Now Is the Time: Final Document & Other Texts. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1990.

  52. World Council of Churches. Costly Unity: A World Council of Churches’ Consultation on Koinonia and Justice, Peace and the Integrity of Creation. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1993.

  53. —. Justice, Peace and the Integrity of Creation. Seoul: Christian Institute for the Study of Justice and Development, 1987.




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PeaceDocs | Texts | Earth Spiritualities

This page references works completed since the 1990s on Earth spiritualities, thought and movements. Sections include works on the Goddess, Western and World traditions, and Ecological Spirituality in bibliography, online texts, digital archives, and works offered through stores like Amazon.com. Many titles are linked to WorldCat and its resources.