CONTENTS

Part 1. From the Bible to the Crusades

Part 2. From the Renaissance to the Twentieth Century

General Materials

Preface

Introduction

Abbreviations

Bibliography of Texts

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2. 

   
   

3. 
   

1: Humanist Peacemakers: The Renaissance

Topics

Introduction: The Italian Renaissance

Petrarch

Pico della Mirandola

Savanarola

The Northern Reformers

Thomas à Kempis

John Colet

Thomas More

More on Thought and Action

More on Social Justice

More on War and Peace

Thomas More on Nonviolence

Desiderius Erasmus

War and Peace

Onward Christian Soldiers: The Role of the Individual in War

The Just War

The Turk: The Problem of the Evil Empire

Prelude to Encounter: Juan Luis Vives

Readings

1. 208. Francesco Petrarca, Letter to Francesco da Carrara: How a Ruler Ought to Govern His State
   
   

2. 209. Pico della Mirandola, Oration on the Dignity of Man
   
   

3. 210. Girolamo Savanarola, The Compendium of Revelations
   
   

4. 211. Thomas à Kempis, Of the Imitation of Christ
   
   

5. 212. John Colet, Sermon to Henry VIII’s Army, Good Friday 1513
   
   

6. 213. Thomas More, Utopia, Hythloday’s Discussion on the Place of the Intellectual in the Council of Kings
   
   

7. 214. Thomas More, Hythloday Recounts the Discussion at Archbishop John Morton’s on Capital Punishment
   
   

8. 215. Thomas More, Military Affairs in Utopia
   
   

9. 216. Thomas More, A Dialogue of Comfort 29
   
   

10. 217. Desiderius Erasmus, The Praise of Folly
    
    

11. 218. Desiderius Erasmus, The Complaint of Peace
    
    

12. 219. Desiderius Erasmus, Charon
    
    

13. 220. Desiderius Erasmus, Cyclops, or the Gospel Bearer
    
    

14. 221. Desiderius Erasmus, The Education of a Christian Prince
    
    

15. 222. Desiderius Erasmus, Letter to Paul Volz
    
    

16. 223. Juan Luis Vives, Introduction to Wisdom
    
    

17. 

    
    
    

2: Peacemaking in the Americas, 1500-1700

Topics

Introduction

The Conquest of Cuba (1511-1513)

A Voice Crying in the Wilderness

Bartolomé de Las Casas

As Witness and Prophet: The Record of Spanish Atrocity

As Humanist: An Anthropology of Dignity and Liberation

As Nonviolent Missionary: The Tradition of Gospel Peacemaking

Royal, Papal, and Episcopal Declarations

Queen Isabella of Castile

Cardinal Cajetan

Emperor Charles V

The Second Audiencia

Francisco de Vitoria

Paul III

The New Laws

King Philip IV

Individual Mission Areas

Colombia

Mexico

Peter of Ghent

Juan de Zumárraga, OFM

Toribio da Benevente (Motolinía)

Brazil: Conquest. José de Anchieta

Brazil: Liberation. Antonio Vieira

The Limits of Peacemaking in Latin America

Antonio Ruiz de Montoya and the Jesuit Reducciones

Melchor of Tucumán

Readings

1. 224. Bartolomé de Las Casas, The Conquest of Cuba
   
   

2. 225. Antonio de Montesinos, December 1511 Sermon on John 1:23
   
   

3. 226. Bartolomé de Las Casas, Conversion
   
   

4. 227. Bartolomé de Las Casas, The Destruction of the Indies
   
   

5. 228. Bartolomé de Las Casas, Apologetic History
   
   

6. 229. Bartolomé de Las Casas, The Only Way
   
   

7. 230. Isabella of Castile, Codicil to Her Last Will, November 26, 1504
   
   

8. 231. Cardinal Cajetan, Commentary on Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae,
   Secunda Secundae, q. 66, art. 8
   
   

9. 232. Charles V, Instruction to Hernando Cortés, June 26, 1523
   
   

10. 233. Charles V’s Council of the Indies, Instructions to the Second Audiencia of New Spain, July 12, 1530
    
    

11. 234. Francisco de Vitoria, On the Rights of the Native Americans
    
    

12. 235. Paul III, Sublimis Deus
    
    

13. 236. Paul III, Letter to the Archbishop of Toledo (Encyclical, Pastorale Officium), 1537
    
    

14. 237. Charles V, The New Laws, November 1542
    
    

15. 238. King Philip IV, Letter Patent to the Viceroy and Government of Peru, April 14, 1633
    
    

16. 239. Juan Fernandez de Ángulo, Letter to Emperor Charles V, May 20, 1541
    
    

17. 240. Peter of Ghent, OFM, Letter to Emperor Charles V, October 31, 1532
    
    

18. 241. Don Fray Juan de Zumárraga, OFM, Bishop-elect of Mexico, Letter to Charles V, August 27, 1529
    
    

19. 242. Fray Toribio de Motolinía, OFM, Letter to Charles V, January 2, 1555
    
    

20. 243. Padre José de Anchieta, SJ, Histories
    
    

21. 244. Antônio Vieira, Lenten Sermon to the Colonists of Maranhão, 1653
    
    

22. 245. Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, SJ, The Spiritual Conquest
    
    

23. 246. Bishop Fray Melchor of Tucumán, Letter to King Philip IV, August 11, 1637
    
    

24. 

    
    
    

3: The Structures of Peacemaking, 1300-1800

Topics

Introduction

Medieval Universalism

Dante Alighieri

Marsilio of Padua

Pierre Dubois

The Humanist Tradition

Rabelais

Montaigne

Blaise Pascal

François Fénelon

Catholic Internationalism

Francisco de Vitoria

Emeric Crucé

Charles François Irenée Castel de Saint-Pierre

Readings

1. 247. Dante Alighieri, On World Government
   
   

2. 248. Marsilio of Padua, The Defender of Peace
   
   

3. 249. Pierre Dubois, The Recovery of the Holy Land
   
   

4. 250. François Rabelais, Gargantua and Pantagruel
   
   

5. 251. Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Apology for Raymond Sebond (Essays, II:12)
   
   

6. 252. Blaise Pascal, Pensées 291-304
   
   

7. 253. François Fénelon, The Adventures of Telemachus, Book 9
   
   

8. 254. Francisco de Vitoria, On the Laws of War
   
   

9. 255. Emeric Crucé, The New Cyneas
   
   

10. 256. Charles François Irenée Castel de St. Pierre, Project for Everlasting Peace
    
    

11. 

    
    
    

4: The Lessons of the Twentieth Century

Topics

Introduction

Internationalism 1800-1939

Victor Hugo

La Fontaine

Madariaga

Briand

Montessori

Papal Peace Efforts

Leo XIII

Benedict XV

Pius XI

Pius XI: 1922

Pius XI: 1930

Pius XI: 1937

Pius XII

Pius XII: 1939

Catholics and the Third Reich

Catholic Nonviolent Resistance

Nonviolent Resistance: France

Nonviolent Resistance: Belgium

Nonviolent Resistance: Italy

De Bosis and the National Alliance

Nonviolent Resistance: Germany. The White Rose

Catholic Prophets and Martyrs

Clement August von Galen

Erich Klausener

Theo Hespers

Sophie Scholl

Bernhard Lichtenberg

Max Josef Metzger

Alfred Delp

Franz Jägerstätter

The Lessons of the Twentieth Century

Pius XII: 1944

Pius XII: 1948

Pius XII: 1954

Pius XII: 1955

Pius XII: 1956

Readings

1. 257. Michael J. Walsh, SJ, Remarks at Boston College Sym-posium, The Vatican and World Peace, 1970
   
   

2. 258. Victor Hugo, A United States of Europe
   
   

3. 259. Henri La Fontaine, What Pacifists Ought to Say, November 1914
   
   

4. 260. Salvador de Madariaga, International Organization
   
   

5. 261. Aristide Briand, European Union
   
   

6. 262. Maria Montessori, “Educate for Peace,” 1937
   
   

7. 263. Leo XIII, Allocution Nostis Errorem to the College of Cardinals, February 11, 1889
   
   

8. 264. Benedict XV, To the Belligerent Peoples and to Their Leaders (Allorchè Fummo), July 1915
   
   

9. 265. Benedict XV, Exhortation, Des le Debut, to the Belligerent Peoples and Their Leaders, August 1, 1917
   
   

10. 266. Benedict XV, Encyclical Letter, Pacem Dei Munus Pulcherrimum, on Peace and Reconciliation, May 23, 1920
    
    

11. 267. Pius XI, Encyclical, Ubi Arcano Dei, On the Kingdom of Christ, December 23, 1922
    
    

12. 268. Pius XI, Allocution, Benedetto il Natale, to the College of Cardinals, December 24, 1930
    
    

13. 269. Pius XI, Encyclical Letter, Mit brennender Sorge, to the Archbishops and Bishops of Germany, March 14, 1937
    
    

14. 270. Pius XII, Easter Homily, Quoniam Paschalia Sollemnia, in Saint Peter’s Basilica, April 9, 1939
    
    

15. 271. Pius XII, Encyclical Summi Pontificatus, October 20, 1939
    
    

16. 272. Leo XIII, Quod Apostolici Muneris, December 28, 1878
    
    

17. 273. Germany’s Catholic Bishops, Statements during World War II
    
    

18. 274. Jacques Semelin, The Moral and Spiritual Role of Nonviolent Resistance
    
    

19. 275. Jacques Semelin, The Political Role of Nonviolent Resistance in France
    
    

20. 276. Joseph Cardinal van Roey, Declaration against Forced Labor
    
    

21. 277. The Ventotene Manifesto, “For a United Europe,” 1941
    
    

22. 278. Lauro De Bosis, Leaflets Dropped on Rome, October 3, 1931
    
    

23. 279. The White Rose, Four Leaflets, 1942
    
    

24. 280. August Cardinal von Galen, Statements
    
    

25. 281. Erich Klausener, Address to the Catholic Conference, Berlin, June 1933
    
    

26. 282. Theo Hespers, Selections from Kameradschaft
    
    

27. 283. Sophie Scholl, Letters and Diary
    
    

28. 284. Bernhard Lichtenberg, Letters
    
    

29. 285. Reich Judge’s Summation of the Trial of Bernhard Lichtenberg be-fore the Land Court, May 22, 1942
    
    

30. 286. Max Josef Metzger, Peace Plan to Rebuild a Democratic Germany
    
    

31. 287. Alfred Delp, Writings
    
    

32. 288. Rev. Franz Baldinger, On the Stubbornness of a Martyr
    
    

33. 289. Attorney Feldmann, Letter Dated July 6, 1943, To the Catholic Pastor of St. Radegund
    
    

34. 290. Franz Jägerstätter, The Nine Commentaries
    
    

35. 291. Franz Jägerstätter, The Prison Statement, July 1943
    
    

36. 292. Pius XII, Christmas Radio Message, December 24, 1944
    
    

37. 293. Pius XII, Christmas Message Broadcast to the Whole World, December 23, 1948
    
    

38. 294. Pius XII, The Threat of ABC Warfare, Address to the Peoples Assembled in St. Peter’s Square, April 18, 1954
    
    

39. 295. Pius XII, Nuclear Weapons and Armament Control, Christmas Message Broadcast to the Whole World, December 24, 1955
    
    

40. 296. Pius XII, An Appeal for Peace, Radio Address to All the Peoples of the Earth and Their Rulers on the Plight of Hungary, November 10, 1956
    

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5: European Peacemaking: Vatican II to the Velvet Revolution

Topics

Introduction

Pope John XXIII

Mater et Magistra

Pacem in Terris

Vatican II

Paul VI

Conscientious Objection in Europe

Italy: The Milani Case

Catholic Peacemaking in Europe

Lanza del Vasto

Danilo Dolci

Northern Irish Peace People

European Peacemaking since the 1980s

Pope John Paul II

Solidarity and Poland

The Velvet Revolution

Readings

1. 297. Pope John XXIII, Mater et Magistra
   
   

2. 298. Pope John XXIII, Encyclical Letter, Pacem in Terris (Peace on Earth), April 11, 1963
   
   

3. 299. Vatican Council II, Gaudium et Spes: The Pastoral Constitution of the Catholic Church in the Modern World
   
   

4. 300. Vatican Council II, Decree on the Apostolate of the Laity
   
   

5. 301. Paul VI, Populorum Progressio: On the Development of Peoples, March 26, 1967
   
   

6. 302. Don Lorenzo Milani, Conscientious Objection in Italy
   
   

7. 303. Lanza del Vasto, A New Third Order
   
   

8. 304. Danilo Dolci, The Man Who Plays Alone
   
   

9. 305. Danilo Dolci, The Outlaws of Partinico
   
   

10. 306. Northern Ireland’s Peace People
    
    

11. 307. John Paul II, Address to the Organization of American States, Washington, DC, October 6, 1979
    
    

12. 308. John Paul II, Address at the Peace Memorial (Atomic Bomb Site), Hiroshima, Japan, February 25, 1981
    
    

13. 309. John Paul II, Homily Delivered at Edmonton, Canada, September 17, 1984
    
    

14. 310. John Paul II, Address Delivered at Raj Ghat, India at Memorial Shrine to Mahatma Gandhi, February 1, 1986
    
    

15. 311. Lech Walesa, Interview with Oriana Fallaci, March 1981
    
    

16. 312. Solidarity National Congress, Program, October 1981
    
    

17. 313. Adam Michnik, We Are All Hostages, March 1982
    
    

18. 314. Adam Michnik, Letter from the Gdansk Prison, 1985
    
    

19. 315. Václav Havel, The Power of the Powerless
    
    

20. 316. Rudolf Battek, Spiritual Values, Independent Initiatives and Politics
    
    

21. 317. Václav Benda, Catholicism and Politics
    
    

22. 318. Josef Zverina, On Not Living in Hatred
    
    

23. 319. The Velvet Revolution, Randomly Selected Slogans from the Nonviolent Street Protests, November 1989
    
    

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6: The Third World: Catholic Peacemaking and Liberation

Topics

Introduction

African Theology: Jean-Marc Éla

South Africa

Archbishop Denis Hurley of Durban

The Kairos Covenant

Asia

The Indian Subcontinent: Aloysius Pieris

Korea: Kim Chi Ha

The Philippines: People Power

Latin America: Official Church Teaching

The Medellín Conference

The Puebla Conference

Reflection on Praxis: Liberation Theology

Gustavo Gutiérrez

Leonardo and Clodovis Boff

Juan Luis Segundo, SJ

Pablo Richard

José Comblin

Enrique Dussel

Jon Sobrino

Latin America: Individual Witness

Brazil

Dom Pedro Casaldáliga

Dom Helder Camara

Argentina: Adolfo Pérez Esquivel

Servizio Paz y Justicia (SERPAJ)

The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo

Chile: Women Artists and Craftspeople as Peacemakers

Central America: Nicaragua

Ernesto Cardenal

Fernando Cardenal

Miguel d’Escoto

Central America: El Salvador

Oscar Romero

The Women Martyrs of El Salvador

The Jesuit Martyrs of El Salvador

Ignacio Ellacuría

Haiti: Jean-Bertrand Aristide

Readings

1. 320. Jean-Marc Éla, An African Reading of Exodus
   
   

2. 321. Denis Hurley, Interview with Hope and Young
   
   

3. 322. The Kairos Document
   
   

4. 323. Aloysius Pieris, SJ, The Biblical Perspective: The Messianic Role of the Masses
   
   

5. 324. Kim Chi Ha, A Declaration of Conscience
   
   

6. 325. Filipino Voices from the People Power Revolution of 1986
   
   

7. 326. Medellín Documents on Justice and Peace, September 6, 1968
   
   

8. 327. Puebla, The Final Document: Evangelization in Latin America’s Present and Future, February 1979
   
   

9. 328. Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation
   
   

10. 329. Leonardo and Clodovis Boff, How to Be Christians in a World of Destitution
    
    

11. 330. Leonardo Boff, Active Nonviolence: The Political and Moral Power of the Poor
    
    

12. 331. Juan Luis Segundo, The Liberation of Theology
    
    

13. 332. Pablo Richard, The Death of Christendoms
    
    

14. 333. José Comblin, The National Security System in Latin America
    
    

15. 334. Enrique Dussel, On Violence, Oppression and Liberation
    
    

16. 335. Jon Sobrino, Witness of the Church in Latin America: Between Life and Death
    
    

17. 336. Bishop Tomas Balduino of Goiás, The Amazon and the Landworkers, Pastoral Letter, February 1, 1976
    
    

18. 337. Dom Pedro Casaldáliga, On Authentic Voluntary Poverty
    
    

19. 338. Dom Helder Camara, Violence the Only Way? A Lecture Given in Paris on 25 April 1968.
    
    

20. 339. Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, To Discover Our Humanity
    
    

21. 340. Servizio Paz y Justicia (SERPAJ), Preparing for Nonviolence
    
    

22. 341. Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, Interviews with Marjorie Agosin
    
    

23. 342. A Woman Artist, On the Role of the Arpilleras
    
    

24. 343. Ernesto Cardenal, From Monk to Minister
    
    

25. 344. Fernando Cardenal, Ministry of Charity and Love
    
    

26. 345. Miguel d’Escoto, Power as Cross
    
    

27. 346. Oscar Romero, Final Sermons and Homilies
    
    

28. 347. Jean Donovan, Diary
    
    

29. 348. Ignacio Ellacuría, The Christian Redemption of Violence
    
    

30. 349. Jean-Bertrand Aristide, A Letter to My Brothers and Sisters
    
    

31. 350. Jean-Bertrand Aristide, No to Violence
    
    

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33. 
    

7: Catholic Peacemaking in the USA

Topics

Introduction

Historical Background

World War I

The Catholic Bishops

Ben Salmon

The Catholic Worker

Peter Maurin

Dorothy Day

Paul Hanley Furfey

World War II

Bishops’ Statements

Catholic Conscientious Objection

After the War

The Pax Americana

Catholic Peacemaking in the Atomic Age

Robert Ludlow

Ammon Hennacy

The Nevada Atom-Bomb Protests

Thomas Merton

The 1960s: Vatican II and Vietnam 

U.S. Pacifists at Vatican II

Vietnam

The Catholic Peace Fellowship

U.S. Bishops Conference

Human Life

Trial of the Catonsville Nine: Daniel Berrigan

After Vietnam: Toward a Theology of Peacemaking

Joseph Fahey

Eileen Egan

Pax Christi

James H. Forest

The Plowshares Movement

United Farm Workers

Central America and the USA

The Sanctuary Movement: Darlene Nicgorski

Witness for Peace

The End of U.S. Military Intervention: Solidarity Among the Elites

The Bishops and the Bomb

The Challenge of Peace

Building Peace

Leroy T. Matthiesen

Thomas J. Gumbleton

Catholics and the Death Penalty

The 1950s

The 1990s

The Persian Gulf War

The U.S. Catholic Bishops

Pax Christi USA

Solitary Witness: The Gulf COs

The Gulf War at Home

The Conversion of North America

The Catholic Worker, Again

Richard McSorley, SJ

Jim and Shelly Douglass

Matthew Fox

Readings

1. 351. National Catholic Welfare Council, The Pastoral Letter of 1919
   
   

2. 352. Ben Salmon, Conscientious Objection to World War I
   
   

3. 353. Peter Maurin, Easy Essays
   
   

4. 354. Dorothy Day, Editorial: Catholic Worker Stand on the Use of Force, September 1938
   
   

5. 355. Dorothy Day, Our Country Passes from Undeclared War to Declared War; We Continue Our Christian Pacifist Stand, January 1942
   
   

6. 356. Paul Hanly Furfey, Christ and the Patriot, The Catholic Worker, March 1935
   
   

7. 357. U.S. Catholic Conference, The Crisis of Christianity, November 14, 1941
   
   

8. 358. Gordon Zahn: The Catholic Conscientious Objector in World War II
   
   

9. 359. U.S. Catholic Conference, Between War and Peace, November 18, 1945
   
   

10. 360. U.S. Catholic Conference, The Hope of Mankind, November 18, 1956
    
    

11. 361. Dorothy Day, We Go on Record, September 1945
    
    

12. 362. Robert Ludlow, The Draft, Christian Anarchism, and the State
    
    

13. 363. Ammon Hennacy, Autobiography
    
    

14. 364. Tom Cornell, The Nuclear Air-Raid Protests
    
    

15. 365. Charles Butterworth, Nonviolence in Nevada
    
    

16. 366. Thomas Merton, From the Author’s Preface to the Japanese Translation of The Seven Story Mountain (Tokyo: Chou Shuppansha, 1966)
    
    

17. 367. Thomas Merton, Peace and Revolution: A Footnote from Ulysses
    
    

18. 368. Thomas Merton, Peace: A Religious Responsibility
    
    

19. 369. Thomas Merton, Man is a Gorilla with a Gun: Reflections on a Best-Seller
    
    

20. 370. Thomas Merton, Blessed Are the Meek: The Christian Roots of Nonviolence
    
    

21. 371. Dorothy Day, The Fast for Peace at Vatican II, November 1965
    
    

22. 372. Catholic Peace Fellowship, Peace on Earth, Peace in Vietnam
    
    

23. 373. U.S. Catholic Conference, Peace and Vietnam, November 18, 1966
    
    

24. 374. U.S. Catholic Conference, Human Life in Our Day
    
    

25. 375. U.S. Catholic Conference, Declaration on Conscientious Objection and Selective Conscientious Objection, October 21, 1971
    
    

26. 376. U.S. Catholic Conference, Resolution on Southeast Asia, November 1971
    
    

27. 377. Daniel Berrigan, The Trial of the Catonsville Nine
    
    

28. 378. Joseph Fahey, Toward a Theology of Peace
    
    

29. 379. Eileen Egan, Making Conscientious Objection a Human Right
    
    

30. 380. Pax Christi, The Role of Conscience
    
    

31. 381. James H. Forest, The Catholic Conscientious Objector
    
    

32. 382. Daniel Berrigan, Letter to Ernesto Cardenal: Guns Don’t Work
    
    

33. 383. Elizabeth McAlister, For Love of the Children
    
    

34. 384. Philip Berrigan, Help Thou Our Unbelief
    
    

35. 385. Cesar Chavez, The Core of Nonviolence
    
    

36. 386. Darlene Nicgorski, No Turning Back: An Interview with Sojourners
    
    

37. 387. Witness For Peace, Original Statement of Purpose
    
    

38. 388. Joseph O’Hare, SJ, Martyrdom in El Salvador
    
    

39. 389. U.S. Catholic Conference, The Challenge of Peace, Summary
    
    

40. 390. U.S. Catholic Conference, Building Peace, June 1988
    
    

41. 391. Leroy T. Matthiesen, Bishop of Amarillo, Texas, The Arms Race: Learning to Speak Out
    
    

42. 392. Thomas J. Gumbleton, The Role of the Peacemaker
    
    

43. 393. Anne Taillefer, Picketing Sing-Sing
    
    

44. 394. Helen Prejean, Patrick Sonnier on Death Row
    
    

45. 395. U.S. Catholic Conference of Bishops, Letter to Secretary of State James Baker, November 7, 1990
    
    

46. 396. Pax Christi, Statement on the Gulf War, January 1991
    
    

47. 397. Gary C. Stiegelmeyer, Conscientious Objection to the Gulf War
    
    

48. 398. David Scott, Who Teaches Peace?
    
    

49. 399. Joan Chittister, When Peace is Unpopular
    
    

50. 400. Catholic Worker Statement, Justice and Charity, May 1981
    
    

51. 401. Katharine Temple, Confessions of a Latter Day Luddite
    
    

52. 402. Richard McSorley, SJ, It’s a Sin to Build a Nuclear Weapon
    
    

53. 403. Jim and Shelly Douglass, Ground Zero
    
    

54. 404. Matthew Fox, Vatican III: A Vision of Peace
    

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